5. Revenue and Cost of Materials

Revenue recognized for the reporting period is as follows:

Sales revenues are broken down into categories as follows:

Other sales revenues mainly include proceeds from the sale of no longer used production residues from metal production.

Sales revenues for the first six months of 2024 include “income” from the reversal of refund liabilities recorded in the previous period in the amount of EUR 367 thousand (H1 2023: EUR 841 thousand). The reversals represent the difference between the expected volume discounts and annual bonuses for customers recorded as of December 31, 2023, and the actual payment in the fiscal year, as well as the differences from recorded deferred sales from price negotiations with NORMA Group customers that were not concluded in the previous year.

In relation to sales – excluding changes in inventory – the cost of materials is slightly above the level of the corresponding period of the previous year at 44.0% (H1 2023: 43.8%). In relation to total output, the cost of materials is below the level of the same period of the previous year at 43.5% (H1 2023: 44.9%).